Based on the daily meteorological drought composite index (MCI) of 83 national meteorological stations in Guizhou from January 1981 to March 2023 and historical drought disaster data, this paper firstly analyzes the applicability of MCI in Guizhou from the aspects of drought process evolution characteristics, unreasonable jumping numbers, and correlation with drought disaster situations, and further reveals the spatial-temporal distribution and change rule of drought and the impact of ENSO events on drought in Guizhou. The results show that the MCI has good applicability in Guizhou. The northwest, northern and southern of Guizhou are drought-prone areas, and the annual drought days are more than 40 days, while in the southeast, southwest and central areas drought days are relatively few. There is a heavy spring drought in the west and a heavy summer drought in the east of Guizhou. From 1981 to 2022, the average annual drought days and drought intensity in Guizhou showed an overall increasing trend, with a significant increase in the western region and a decreasing trend in the eastern region. The drought intensity in autumn and winter showed an increasing trend and in autumn the trend was most obvious, while in spring and summer it showed a weakening trend. From 1981 to 2022, Guizhou Province experienced a total of 3 extremely strong regional drought processes, 9 strong regional drought processes, 17 stronger regional drought processes, and 27 general regional drought processes. The duration, average intensity, average affected area and comprehensive intensity index of regional drought processes all fluctuated greatly, and showing a weak increasing trend. The evolution pattern of drought affected area and drought intensity in Guizhou and its nine regions from 1981 to 2022 is basically consistent, and the overall trend showed a stage change of high-low-high-low.There is a high possibility of excessive summer precipitation in Guizhou in El Ni ño decaying years, while there is a high possibility of insufficient summer precipitation in Guizhou in La Ni ña decaying years.

Guizhou Province, MCI, applicability, regional drought process, disaster situation, ENSO

贵州省, MCI, 适用性, 区域性干旱过程, 灾情, ENSO